Large-scale heat pumps and the municipal heat transition: How cities are decarbonising their heat supply
A large-scale heat pump is an industrial heat generation system with a thermal output typically ranging from several hundred kilowatts to the multi-megawatt scale. It extracts energy from environmental or waste heat sources and upgrades it to a usable temperature level. When deployed in district heating networks, it enables the decarbonization of heat supply for entire urban districts. Currently, around 70 percent of the heat supplied through German district heating networks still comes from fossil fuel sources, with natural gas and coal being the dominant energy carriers (according to Andreas Kuhn, Key Account Manager Industrial & Commercial Heating at ENGIE Refrigeration). Large-scale heat pumps can gradually reduce this share, helping municipalities achieve their climate targets.
Energy Efficiency
Rules and Regulations
Heat Pumps
Heating
30 January 2026